{"id":6525,"date":"2022-03-05T17:16:31","date_gmt":"2022-03-05T17:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/?post_type=herb&#038;p=6525"},"modified":"2026-02-17T09:28:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T09:28:31","slug":"elderflower","status":"publish","type":"herb","link":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herb\/elderflower\/","title":{"rendered":"Elderflower"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":6531,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"1","beyondwords_integration_method":"rest-api","beyondwords_project_id":"47224","beyondwords_content_id":"fbda1b8e-c5cc-4e25-8d59-582635b02e20","beyondwords_preview_token":"2fdbe8b0-d4bc-4167-8877-b8541ed168f1","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"tags":[42,112,113,54,43,58],"conditions":[695,694,701,700],"sustainability":[1576],"sense":[18,27],"western_action":[1007,992,994,997,1008,1010,1011],"chinese_action":[],"ayurvedic_action":[],"energetics_action":[1499,1498,1487,1381,1494,1492],"writer":[],"region":[1893],"class_list":["post-6525","herb","type-herb","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-digestion","tag-elder","tag-elderberries","tag-flu","tag-indigestion","tag-inflammation","conditions-respiratory-system","conditions-cardiovascular-system","conditions-immune-system","conditions-skin","sustainability-green-sustainability-status","sense-bitter","sense-sweet","western_action-diaphoretic","western_action-anti-inflammatory","western_action-antioxidant","western_action-antispasmodic","western_action-diuretic","western_action-expectorant","western_action-febrifuge","energetics_action-astringent","energetics_action-bitter","energetics_action-dry","energetics_action-neutral","energetics_action-sweet","energetics_action-toning","region-western-herbs"],"acf":{"last_reviewed":"20241018","herb_author":null,"banner_text":"Elderflower is a fragrant flower for fevers, colds and reducing catarrh\r\n","latin_name":"<em>Sambucus nigra<\/em>","pseudonym_name":"","family_name":"Viburnaceae","herb_summary":"Elderflower is a favourite amongst herbalists to support people suffering with colds, flus and fevers. It is also used for treatment of catarrh and congested sinuses.","key_benefits":"Flus\r\nColds\r\nHayfever\r\nFever\r\nImmune system\r\nAids circulation\r\nSinusitis\r\nSupports the lymphatic system","how_does_it_feel":"Elderflowers have a beautiful and unique aromatic quality. Its creamy white fragrant blossoms are sweet, cooling and mildly bitter to taste. The aromatic oils in elderflower are well preserved as a dried herb and also preserve well in cordial and tincture. The fresh tea has a fresh aromatic flavor with an additional mild pungency.","hdif_image_1":6529,"hdif_image_2":6531,"hdif_image_3":6582,"hdif_video":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kWesx1ICO6I","sense":[18,27],"what_can_i_use_it_for":"Elderflower is a herb that one should always have in a home herbal first aid kit. This delicate flower is both powerfully anti-catarrhal and anti-inflammatory, making it the perfect for treatment of the common cold or influenza.\r\n\r\nBy the same means, elderflower is excellent for allergic conditions that cause excess catarrh in the upper respiratory tract, it can be helpful for symptoms of hay fever such as itchy eyes and sneezing.\r\n\r\nSafe for all the family, elderflower has a definite affinity for children who are prone to perpetual coughs, colds, runny noses and tonsillitis, although dietary factors should also be considered as possible causes of such condition.","into_the_heart_of":"<img class=\" wp-image-6531 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"321\" \/>Not only can Elderflower be used in acute and first aid situations as discussed above, but elderflower also has a gently relaxant effect which may be applied for those experiencing nightmares and disturbed sleep, useful for both adults and children.\r\n\r\nDescribed by Brooke (2018), as a herb that increases sweating, elderflower can also aid the skin, helping to clear the pores by removing impurities. For this, a hot infusion is most often given for the diaphoretic (sweat inducing) action. Congruently, Grieve (1984) refers to the use of elderflower as an infusion used on the skin, explaining that it can improve the complexion and brighten the skin.\r\n\r\nEnergetically, in terms of Western Herbal Medicine, Elderflower is hot and dry, however, when drank as a hot tea for increasing the output of fluid by sweating, elderflower exhibits a cooling effect. An example of how different preparations of a herb can display varied actions. Either as a result of how the compounds interact with the extraction method, the deliverance of the compounds by the predation type mixed with the energetic characteristics of the preparation itself.\r\n\r\nIn Ayurvedic view, elderflowers are referred to as being bitter, pungent and cooling, reducing\u00a0<em>kapha\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>pita\u00a0<\/em>and having a neutral or mixed effect in\u00a0<em>vata<\/em>. It seems again that alternative narratives to this plant\u2019s energetic actions are held by the different energetic systems in Herbal Medicine. Most unanimous is that this plant has an overall cooling effect, rather than directly heating.","tradtional_uses":"<img class=\" wp-image-6529 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124238\/elder-Elderflower-close-up-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"446\" height=\"297\" \/>In\u00a0<em>The Modern Herbal<\/em>, Mrs Grieve explains that Elderflower was used in inflammatory diseases of the lungs, including pleurisy. Also specific for use in viral diseases of the same inflammatory nature such as measles and scarlet fever.\r\n\r\nThe tea of Elderflower is said to promote expectoration, increasing the flushing of fluid via perspiration, which is a useful mechanism for the treatment of fevers. By increasing sweating, heat is released from the body, essentially a cooling and detoxifying process that helps move viral matter through our system.\r\n\r\nElderflower has a long standing place in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia for treatment of the common cold and influenza, particularly in the early stages of infection. Traditionally also thought to be useful for inflammation of the eyes and skin. With Mrs Grieve also adding that as a lotion or distilled water, elderflower has tonifying effect on the skin, improving complexion, treating blemishes and mild","what_practioners_say":"<h3><img class=\" wp-image-6372 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/21124316\/Subcategory-Conditions-respiratory-system-600x600.jpg\" alt=\"Respiratory system\" width=\"445\" height=\"445\" \/>Respiratory system<\/h3>\r\nElderflower is particularly useful for influenza or the common cold. Indicated for all manner of catarrhal inflammations in the upper respiratory tract, this would include viral and allergic conditions, such as sinusitis, tonsillitis and hay fever. Elderflowers can also be used where there is congestion in the inner ear.\r\n<h3>Immune system<\/h3>\r\nElderflower is great for the management of fevers. As opposed to the orthodox approach of treating fevers which is to reduce temperature\/ symptoms, the herbal \/ holistic approach is rather to support and moderate this important immunological process, with a view to improving overall recovery outcomes. Fevers are the bodies natural response to pathogens (viral\/ bacterial). In basic terms, the rise in blood temperature during a fever, is the body\u2019s attempt to create an inhospitable environment for pathogens to survive.\r\n\r\nSweating also increases during a fever to further improve elimination from the blood whilst also diffusing and heat. At the point where we start to sweat during a fever, our body is doing incredible work to fight off the bacteria or virus. Elderflower directly supports these processes through its anti-inflammatory and diaphoretic actions.\r\n\r\nPeppermint and yarrow are often combined with elderflower to support through influenza and the common cold, particularly through the fever stage.\r\n<p style=\"color: #ed6e17;\"><em>Please note: Fevers can be a sign of serious health conditions that need immediate medical attention, if the cause of fever is not identified as being of the acute viral nature (common cold\/ influenza). One must be sure to seek professional advice where symptoms do not improve in any circumstance.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Eliminatory system<\/h3>\r\nThrough its diaphoretic action elderflower can support detoxification through the skin, therefore as an adjunctive to work alongside herbs that improve hormonal balance and increase the lymphatic detoxification. Elderflower may therefore be useful as part of an approach for skin conditions and overall movement of body fluids.\r\n<h3>Circulatory system<\/h3>\r\nElderflower may also be useful for oedema and other congestive conditions of the circulatory system, by its ability to increase the output of fluid. Elderflower is described as a peripheral vasodilator, meaning that it increases dilation in the peripheral capillaries, which may be useful where there is poor circulation to the extremities (hands and feet).","research":"<img class=\" wp-image-6528 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124238\/elder-Elderflower-basket-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"431\" height=\"287\" \/>Much of the research available into the immunological effects of Elder, focuses on the elderberry. However an in vitro study on both extracts of Elderberry and Elderflower constituents exhibited promising inflammatory modulating activity. It must be noted though that unfortunately clinical trials are lacking for elderflower.\r\n\r\nA specific group of compounds called phenolic compounds, isolated in elderflower are found to be highly antioxidant in a review carried out in 2015, the action of these antioxidants is to protect against cellular damage from free radicals, whilst improving cellular health and function.\r\n\r\nAn in vitro study investigating the action of peptic polysaccharides in extracts of elderflower, found positive outcomes for enhancing cellular immunity, supporting to the well documented belief that elderflower is a valuable medicine for the treatment of acute viral infections.\r\n\r\nAnother in vitro stem cell study was carried out into the effects of elderflowers potential neuroprotective benefits, the study provided insights into the mechanisms by which elderflower extract could suppress neurotoxicity elicited by environmental and genetic stressors.","did_you_know":"The Elder was one of the sacred trees of the Celts, so named Ruis the Elder, the tree of the thirteenth lunar month. There are many folkloric tales of the Elder, which grows natively all over Europe.","additional_information_right":{"illustration":269075},"additional_information_left":{"botany":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elder is a deciduous shrub with pinnate, compound leaves and 3\u20139 leaflets of ovate or ovate\u2013lanceloate shape and up between 2.5\u20139 cm long.\u00a0 Each leaflet is toothed and slightly hairy. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bark is cork-like when mature, and young stems are green and brittle with a spongy white tissue lining the inside. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flowers are creamy-white and grow in umbels, with five petals on each individual flower (2,17).<\/span>","common_names":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common Elder<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Elder\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pipe Tree<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bore Tree<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hylder, Hylantree (Anglo-Saxon)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eldrum (Saxon)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ellhorn\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hollunder<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Ger)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>Sureau <\/i>(Fr) (4)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","safety":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding (2,6,16)<\/span>","interactions":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elderflower may lower blood sugar levels, therefore precaution must be taken in diabetic patients and those taking anti-diabetic medication. It may theoretically also interfere with blood sugar regulation during and post surgery (16). <\/span>","contraindications":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">None known (2,6,16)<\/span>","preparation":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tincture\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infusion<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","dosage":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tincture (1:5 | 40%):<\/strong> Take 2\u20134 ml three times a day<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Infusion\/decoction:<\/strong> Infuse one tablespoon of dried elderflowers in one cup of boiling water for at least 10 minutes. Strain and drink up to three times a day (2).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","constituents":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flavonoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Primarily flavonols, rutin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, free quercetin<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mucilaginous polysaccharides<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tannins<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Phenolic acids (3%)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Chlorogenic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Volatile oil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 76 terpenoid compounds identified<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Triterpenes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ursolic and oleanolic acids<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potassium<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cyanogenic glycosides (1,2,6)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","plant_part_used":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flowers<\/span>"},"habitat":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elder is native to Europe and the Azores. It is often found growing in a wide range of habitats in temperate regions, including on\u00a0 forest edges, open woodlands, near bodies of water or on recently disturbed ground (gardens and wastelands) (2,18). <\/span>","sustainability":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the IUCN Red List and Nature Serve elder is classified globally as \u2018least concern\u2019 and secure due to its widespread distribution, stable populations and no major threats (19,20).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Habitat loss and over-harvesting from the wild are two of the biggest threats faced by medicinal plant species. There are an increasing number of well-known herbal medicines at risk of extinction. We must, therefore, ensure that we source our medicines with sustainability in mind.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The herb supplement industry is growing at a rapid rate and until recent years a vast majority of medicinal plant produce in global trade was of unknown origin. There are some very real and urgent issues surrounding sustainability in the herb industry. These include environmental factors that affect the medicinal viability of herbs, the safety of the habitats that they are taken from, as well as the welfare of workers in the trade.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The botanical supply chain efforts for improved visibility (transparency and traceability) into verifiably sustainable production sites around the world is now certificated through the emergence of credible international voluntary sustainability standards (VSS).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read our article on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herbalism\/safety\/herbal-quality-safety-what-know-before-you-buy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herbal quality &amp; safety: What to know before you buy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herbalism\/western-herbal-medicine\/where-your-herbs-come-from\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sustainable sourcing of herbs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to learn more about what to look for and questions to ask suppliers about sustainability.<\/span>","sustainability_content":"","sustainability_alternatives":"","quality_control":"<ul>\r\n \t<li><b>Country of origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Eastern Europe<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>How sourced<\/b>: Wild-harvested<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Risks<\/b>: Contamination from pollutants in the local environment<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Key marker compounds<\/b>: Flavonoids, phenolic acids.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the key constituents found in elderflower (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sambucus nigra<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) include flavonoids (isoquercertin, hyperoside, rutin), phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid), triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acids) and a small quantity of essential oil (21,22). The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) requires not less than 0.8% flavonoids expressed as isoquercitroside (23).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The phytochemical constituents in elderflower will vary depending on a range of factors that include geographical origin, genetics, environmental conditions and harvesting season. Elderflowers are often wild collected and a recent study examined the difference in phytochemical constituents between several different cultivated varieties grown in controlled conditions and a wild harvested form collected from a local park (24). In this study, the cultivated varieties varied a lot in phytochemical constituents, although the wild collected form performed best overall, as it was the richest in phytochemical constituents (24). Clearly genetics played a part alongside the environmental conditions that the plant was grown in. If cultivating elderflower, it is important to look into what variety is best to grow for the phytochemical constituents that you are interested in.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The stage of flowering also has an important influence on the content of active constituents in the flowers therefore harvesting at the right time is very important. (24). Elderflower inflorescences should be collected in full bloom (when about 80% of the flowers are open), this is typically in June for the UK (24). By collecting your elderflower at this specific time, it will help ensure that you have selected good quality herbal material. If you are purchasing elderflower, a simple macroscopic assessment (looking at the plant material) will enable you to assess the herb to check that it has the right proportion of open flowers.<\/span>","how_to_grow":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elders are easy to grow. They prefer a location with full sun although they can grow successfully in dappled light - they just need long hours of direct sun exposure. You may find a suitable sapling at a local garden centre to plant out. Elders can tolerate different conditions like poor soil or water logging, however they are intolerant of drought.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elder planting is done best in well-draining, loamy soil types. Sandy soils should be improved by adding a few inches of organic matter.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant your elder early in the spring and be sure to water them regularly so they get off to a good start. Incorporate manure or compost before planting your elder sapling into the ground.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elders should be left to grow wildly in the first two years of growth. Do not prune and do not bother picking the berries until well established. Thereafter, in early spring you may prune them back and remove all the dead areas. This way, the bushes will grow and produce an abundance of fruit (25).<\/span>","recipe":"<h3>Elderflower cordial<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A traditional recipe made by many for its sweet floral flavour. Forage flowers when in bloom, usually from May to June, to capture the qualities of elderflower in this delicious cordial to be used throughout the summer and year beyond.<\/span>\r\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ingredients\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25 elderflower heads\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 kg sugar\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 L water\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 unwaxed lemons<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to make elderflower cordial<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inspect the flowerheads and remove any insects\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Place sliced lemons, sugar and water into a pan and heat slowly, making sure sugar is completely dissolved<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once dissolved pour liquid over the flowers and leave to infuse overnight\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strain the mixture and pour into sterilised bottles\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Store in the fridge or cool cupboard\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enjoy one part cordial to three parts water with ice and a slice of lemon<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","references":"<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mcintyre A. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complete Herbal Tutor : The Definitive Guide to the Principles and Practices of Herbal Medicine (Second Edition).<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Aeon Books Limited; 2019.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisher C. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Materia Medica of Western Herbs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Aeon Books; 2018.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brooke E. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Woman\u2019s Book of Herbs.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; 2018.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grieve M. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Modern Herbal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.; 1984.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thomsen M. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phytotherapy Desk Reference.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 6th ed. Aeon Books; 2022.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoffmann D. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medical Herbalism - the Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Healing Arts Press; 2003.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hedley C, Shaw N. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Aeon Books; 2023.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho GTT, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017;18(3):E584. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18030584\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18030584<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Viapiana A, Wesolowski M. The Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Infusions of Sambucus nigra L. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant Foods for Human Nutrition<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017;72(1):82-87. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-016-0594-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-016-0594-x<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho GTT, Zou YF, Aslaksen TH, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Structural characterization of bioactive pectic polysaccharides from elderflowers ( Sambuci flos ). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carbohydrate Polymers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016;135:128-137. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.08.056\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.08.056<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Sztandera W, Zajdel R. Genus Sambucus: Exploring Its Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient with Neuroprotective Properties Mediated by Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2024;25(14):7843. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25147843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25147843<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de Rus Jacquet A, Timmers M, Ma SY, et al. Lumbee traditional medicine: Neuroprotective activities of medicinal plants used to treat Parkinson\u2019s disease-related symptoms. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Ethnopharmacology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017;206:408-425. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2017.02.021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2017.02.021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harokopakis E, Albzreh MH, Haase EM, Scannapieco FA, Hajishengallis G. Inhibition of Proinflammatory Activities of Major Periodontal Pathogens by Aqueous Extracts From Elder Flower (Sambucus nigra). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Periodontology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2006;77(2):271-279. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2006.050232\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2006.050232<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Botanical Council (ABC). Elderflower - Herbal Medicine Expanded German E Commission Monographs. Herbalgram.org. Published 2024. Accessed October 18, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/cms.herbalgram.org\/expandedE\/Elderflower.html?ts=1593010419&amp;signature=6eabcd8b54284fd612f3f9fa8f0b116f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/cms.herbalgram.org\/expandedE\/Elderflower.html?ts=1593010419&amp;signature=6eabcd8b54284fd612f3f9fa8f0b116f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stapley C. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tree Dispensary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Aeon Books; 2021.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Medicines. Elderflower. naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Published 2024. https:\/\/naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com\/databases\/food<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trust W. How to Identify and Use Elderflower. Woodland Trust. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.woodlandtrust.org.uk\/blog\/2021\/06\/how-to-identify-elder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.woodlandtrust.org.uk\/blog\/2021\/06\/how-to-identify-elder\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Sambucus nigra L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. Plants of the World Online. Published 2024. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30122169-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30122169-2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature Serve Explorer. Sambucus nigra. Natureserve.org. Published 2024. Accessed October 18, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.638798\/Sambucus_nigra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/explorer.natureserve.org\/Taxon\/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.638798\/Sambucus_nigra<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bilz M. Sambucus nigra: Bilz, M. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Published online October 7, 2019. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305\/iucn.uk.2020-1.rlts.t61684a88328586.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305\/iucn.uk.2020-1.rlts.t61684a88328586.en<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heinrich M, Barnes J, Jos\u00e9 M Prieto Garcia, et al. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Elsevier; 2018.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evans WC, Trease GE, Evans D. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trease and Evans\u2019 Pharmacognosy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 16th ed. Saunders\/Elsevier; 2009.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">British Pharmacopoeia Commission. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">British Pharmacopoeia 2025<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. London TSO; 2025.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nawirska-Olsza\u0144ska A, Kolniak-Ostek J, Zubaidi MA, Maksimowski D, Pavla Brandova, Maciej Oziemb\u0142owski. Elderflowers (Sambuci flos L.): A Potential Source of Health-Promoting Components. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foods<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2024;13(16):2560-2560. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13162560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13162560<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BBC Gardener's World. How to grow elder. BBC Gardeners World Magazine. Published 2021. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardenersworld.com\/how-to\/grow-plants\/how-to-grow-elder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.gardenersworld.com\/how-to\/grow-plants\/how-to-grow-elder\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","related_condition":[49,6454],"related_herb":[1896,9859],"related_article":[12246,11021],"new_template_switch":true,"herb_overview_content_one":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding<\/span>","herb_overview_content_two":"Low risk\/Green\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fairwild.org\/ingredients\/elder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FairWild certified sources available<\/a>","herb_overview_content_three":"Flavonoids\r\nPhenolic acids","herb_overview_content_four":"Native to Europe\r\nWild-harvested\r\nContamination risks from pollutants in the local environment","herb_overview_content_five":"Diaphoretic\r\nAnti-inflammatory\r\nFebrifuge\r\nAntiallergic","herb_overview_content_six":"Colds and flu\r\nHayfever\r\nFever\r\nSinusitis","herb_overview_content_seven":"Hit\r\nDry","herb_overview_content_eight":"Flower\r\nTincture (1:5 | 40%): take 6\u201312 ml daily\r\nInfusion\/decoction: One tablespoon of dried elderflowers per cup","botany":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elder is a deciduous shrub with pinnate, compound leaves and 3\u20139 leaflets of ovate or ovate\u2013lanceloate shape and up between 2.5\u20139 cm long.\u00a0 Each leaflet is toothed and slightly hairy. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bark is cork-like when mature, and young stems are green and brittle with a spongy white tissue lining the inside. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flowers are creamy-white and grow in umbels, with five petals on each individual flower (2,17).<\/span>","botanical_image":269075,"common_names":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common Elder<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Elder\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pipe Tree<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bore Tree<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hylder, Hylantree (Anglo-Saxon)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eldrum (Saxon)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ellhorn\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hollunder<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Ger)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span>Sureau <\/span><\/i><span>(Fr) (4)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","herbal_preperation_image":6529,"preparation":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tincture\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infusion<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","plant_part_used":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flowers<\/span>","dosage":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tincture (1:5 | 40%):<\/strong> Take 2\u20134 ml three times a day<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Infusion\/decoction:<\/strong> Infuse one tablespoon of dried elderflowers in one cup of boiling water for at least 10 minutes. Strain and drink up to three times a day (2).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","constituents":"<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flavonoids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Primarily flavonols, rutin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, free quercetin<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mucilaginous polysaccharides<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tannins<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Phenolic acids (3%)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Chlorogenic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Volatile oil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 76 terpenoid compounds identified<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Triterpenes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ursolic and oleanolic acids<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potassium<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cyanogenic glycosides (1,2,6)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","recipe_image":76506,"safety_post":[6613],"safety":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding (2,6,16)<\/span>","interactions":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elderflower may lower blood sugar levels, therefore precaution must be taken in diabetic patients and those taking anti-diabetic medication. It may theoretically also interfere with blood sugar regulation during and post surgery (16). <\/span>","contraindications":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">None known (2,6,16)<\/span>","sustainability_image_one":6582,"sustainability_image_two":265646,"faqs":null,"not_suitable_for":["Pregnancy & lactation","Contraindications","Drug interaction","Toxicity concern"]},"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves.jpg",1800,1200,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves-600x600.jpg",600,600,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves-1000x667.jpg",1000,667,true],"large":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves-1300x867.jpg",580,387,true],"banner_image":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves-1600x800.jpg",1600,800,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves.jpg",300,200,false],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves.jpg",400,267,false],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/21124235\/Elderflower-elder-leaves.jpg",600,400,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"","category_list_v2":"","author_info_v2":{"name":"","url":""},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/herb\/6525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/herb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/herb"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/herb\/6525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":300405,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/herb\/6525\/revisions\/300405"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6613"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11021"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12246"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/herb\/9859"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/herb\/1896"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/condition\/6454"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/condition\/49"}],"acf:term":[{"embeddable":true,"taxonomy":"sense","href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sense\/27"},{"embeddable":true,"taxonomy":"sense","href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sense\/18"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"conditions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/conditions?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"sustainability","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sustainability?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"sense","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sense?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"western_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/western_action?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"chinese_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/chinese_action?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"ayurvedic_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ayurvedic_action?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"energetics_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/energetics_action?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"writer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/writer?post=6525"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=6525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}