Skin health – Herbal Reality

Frankincense

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 14:16:18 +0000

The post Frankincense appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Myrrh

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 10:57:48 +0000

The post Myrrh appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Hazel

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 20 Mar 2026 09:45:38 +0000

The post Hazel appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Daisy

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 19 Mar 2026 16:30:35 +0000

The post Daisy appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Solomon’s seal

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:43:17 +0000

The post Solomon’s seal appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Goldenrod

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 16:49:52 +0000

The post Goldenrod appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Rosebay willowherb

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 19:37:14 +0000

The post Rosebay willowherb appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Woad

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 15 Jan 2026 15:23:41 +0000

The post Woad appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Anise hyssop

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 15 Jan 2026 14:30:08 +0000

The post Anise hyssop appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Forsythia

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 07 Dec 2025 14:47:53 +0000

The post Forsythia appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Self-heal

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 04 Dec 2025 11:51:38 +0000

The post Self-heal appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Sea buckthorn

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 01 Nov 2025 09:27:05 +0000

The post Sea buckthorn appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Sesame

Becs — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 13:04:07 +0000

The post Sesame appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Cat’s claw

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 08 Sep 2025 08:48:17 +0000

The post Cat’s claw appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Thuja

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 13:29:21 +0000

The post Thuja appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Herb robert

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 10 Aug 2025 15:01:08 +0000

The post Herb robert appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Black pepper

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 10:59:27 +0000

The post Black pepper appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Lovage

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 06 Jul 2025 07:12:33 +0000

The post Lovage appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Black horehound

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 07:35:10 +0000

The post Black horehound appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Iceland moss

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 08:04:07 +0000

The post Iceland moss appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Wild indigo

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 04 Jun 2025 08:14:33 +0000

The post Wild indigo appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Birch polypore

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 12:54:44 +0000

The post Birch polypore appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Lily of the valley

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 23 May 2025 07:25:28 +0000

The post Lily of the valley appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Birch

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 10:34:51 +0000

The post Birch appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Mulberry

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 27 Mar 2025 09:30:35 +0000

The post Mulberry appeared first on Herbal Reality.

White deadnettle

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 26 Mar 2025 16:02:59 +0000

The post White deadnettle appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Black walnut

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 16:12:08 +0000

The post Black walnut appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Tansy

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 13:26:43 +0000

The post Tansy appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Skin health: An Ayurvedic perspective

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 16 Feb 2025 12:43:57 +0000

Presenting as inflammation, itching, swelling or abnormality across the body’s outer surface, skin conditions are treated in Ayurveda with herbs such as neem, kachnar, aloe and ashoka.

Understanding skin conditions

Pathological conditions that affect the surface of the body, including skin, nails, and hair, as well as the associated glands, are known as skin diseases. They can present as inflammation, infection or growths, and can involve many or all layers of the skin (1). Skin conditions can arise due to allergies, genetic makeup, irritants, or an immunological response (2). These skin diseases can significantly affect quality of life, mental health, and ability to carry out daily tasks (3). The mental and emotional burden of these conditions can significantly outweigh the physical impact (4).

Factors determining the prevalence and pattern of skin disease include race, gender, environment, diet, socio-economic status, hygiene and quality of medical care (5). Since these conditions are often not life threatening, the substantial social and psychological impact is often underestimated or neglected.

Although the mortality rate from these conditions is lower than other life-threatening conditions, skin diseases require attention for the following reasons (6):

Skin conditions are common and can often affect vulnerable groups including children and thus should not be ignored.
Morbidity can be significant due to disability, disfigurement, poor quality of life and symptoms such as itching.
In 2013, the skin and subcutaneous diseases accounted for 39 million YLDs (year lost due to disability) and 41.6 million DALYs (disability adjusted life years). These numbers place skin conditions as the 18^th cause of DALYs globally. Worldwide, they are the fourth leading cause of disability excluding mortality. Between 1990 to 2017, these conditions increased in prevalence by 46.8% (7).
The most common skin conditions in Europe are acne, eczema, and atopic dermatitis (8). In the UK, 60% of the population have experienced or are currently living with a skin condition. Hospital admissions in England and Wales have significantly increased due to skin or subcutaneous diseases and infection (9).

How does skin health work?

There are numerous theories to explain the pathophysiology of skin disease. The three most common ones are discussed below:

Immune response

Dysregulation of the normal immune response leads to the inflammatory changes contributing to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). This condition includes skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, lichen planus etc. The genome- wide association studies (GWAS) have suggested a link between IMIDs and genetics at loci. The pathogenesis of the disease may vary, but it has common features such as immune system stimulation, a genetic component, and chronic inflammation. The triggering factor for skin conditions can be multifaceted and complex.

External factors include microorganisms, allergens, diet, trauma, drugs or smoking.Internal triggers include autoantigens (psoriasis, lichen planus), stress (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis) and metabolic disorders (psoriasis). The immune response can be both specific and non-specific, regarding adaptive and innate immunity respectively.

Psoriasis involves a non-specific response, stimulating innate lymphoid type 3 cells, mast cells, macrophages and neutrophils. In the case of atopic dermatitis, there is a stimulation of basophils, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid type-2 cells. Specific response includes CD8(+) lymphocytes in lichen planus and psoriasis, D4+ Th2 and B lymphocytes in acute phase and Th7 and Th1 in the chronic phase of acute dermatitis. These cause an increase in pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in the skin. This leads to an influx of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and macrophages in the skin causing inflammation (10).

Gut–skin axis

Inflammatory conditions are commonly linked with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. A connection has been found between dermatoses and gastrointestinal disorders, with between 7–11% of IBD patients also reporting the presence of psoriasis (11). The gut–skin connection is mediated by the immune system, as the gut microbiome works to maintain homeostasis. The intestinal microbiota produces neurotransmitters which enter the bloodstream by crossing the intestinal barrier and elicit systemic effects (12). Similarly, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced by the intestinal bacteria. These SCFAS (mainly butyrate), decrease intestinal barrier permeability and enhance the barrier function of epithelial layer (13). Therefore, these compounds derived from the gut microbiome can interact with skin receptors altering the skin’s bacterial balance.

Oxidative stress

There are several environmental pollutants which catalyse reactive oxygen species (ROS) production resulting in increased oxidative stress. ROS activate cell signalling, altering apoptosis and resulting in the pathogenesis of skin disorders including cutaneous malignancy and photosensitivity diseases. ROS influence the molecular pathways responsible for inflammatory processes, which, in normal levels contribute to wound healing and angiogenesis. However, when ROS production is in excess, it can lead to structural damage of the skin resulting in chronic inflammation and disease as well as atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury (14).

Understanding the root of good skin

According to Ayurveda, all skin related conditions fall under ‘kushta roga’. Classic Ayurvedic texts suggest possible causative factors include:

Diet: Excessive consumption of liquid and unctuous food (fatty, oily or greasy); food that is difficult to digest; eating hot and cold food together; excessive portion sizes; excessive fasting, eating when already full; eating during indigestion; overconsumption of curd, fish or black gram (urad bean) or eating a combination of foods which are incompatible together.
Lifestyle: Suppression of natural urges, especially vomiting; excessive exercise and sun exposure; having a bath or drinking water immediately after physical exertion and excessive sleeping.
Treatment adherence: Failure to implement recommended treatment and long term recovery plans (panchakarma).
Behaviour: Excessive indulgence in unkind or unethical deeds.

Due to the above causes, all the three dosha, (vata, pitta and kapha) are affected which further affects the twak (skin), rakta (blood), mamsa (muscle tissue), and ambu (body fluid).

The imbalance in all these elements leads to the manifestation of kushta roga (skin diseases or skin disorders) (15).

Signs and symptoms

Loss of sensation in affected area
Excessive or absence of sweating
Itching
Pricking pain
Horripilation (goosebumps)
Physical and mental fatigue
Significant pain surrounding ulcers
Numbness
A burning sensation
Elevated skin patches
Discoloration
Sudden appearance and persistence of ulcers.

Herbal solutions

Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Neem leaf extract has been shown to reduce boils and blisters (16). A study was conducted on mice with DMBA (a chemical used to induce cancerous skin tumours). The experimental group was given an aqueous extract of neem leaves for 20 weeks, three times a week at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. This study concluded that neem possesses a potential chemoprotective property against murine skin carcinogenesis (17). Other studies conducted support its anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and wound healing actions (18,19).

Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata)

The bark is used internally to treat skin diseases, sore throats, asthma and abdominal discomfort.Externally, it is applied on skin ulcers. After a DMBA + croton oil induction in mice, the subsequent treatment with kachnar tree bark was found to reduce the number and appearance of papillomas. Following a 50% methanolic extract administered in mice for 30 days at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, it was found to significantly reduce the size of the tumour and increase life span. The formation of a micronucleus and aberration of chromones were significantly prevented by administration of camel’s foot tree (20).

Saffron (Crocus sativus)

Saffron is known for its antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic and sedative properties. It is used as an effective treatment of psoriasis. It induces the cellular defence mechanism of the body; therefore inhibiting the skin carcinoma induced by DMBA (21). It is used to improve skin complexion, skin discoloration, pimples, acne, freckles and melasma. It is also used to clean and disinfect wounds.

Aloe vera (Aloe vera)

Aloe vera is very commonly used in skin conditions. It’s effective in managing pigmentation, stretch marks and wrinkles. It accelerates wound healing by improving the circulation of blood to the affected area as well as preventing cell death. A study was conducted in mice with spontaneous AD (atopic dermatitis) skin lesions and concluded that aloe vera relieved symptoms of AD when applied orally at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg. This effect is associated with to the reduction of IL-5 and IL-10 interleukin levels (22). Aloe vera gel has antibacterial as well as antimicrobial properties. The skin plaques in psoriasis were reduced after four weeks in a study using a cream with 0.5% of aloe (23). Aloe also helps in treating burns, frostbite injuries and skin damage due to radiation.

Ashoka (Saraca asoca)

Ashoka root is applied in a paste to treat conditions like external inflammation, ulcers, freckles and other skin diseases. The crushed flowers are rubbed onto the skin to control itching in dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, and herpes. It is a herb of choice for tinea pedis, pruritis and scabies. An external application of L. inermis and ashok flowers macerated in coconut oil can be applied twice daily to treat scabies and eczema (24).

Holistic solutions

Diet

Ayurvedic dietary recommendations include consuming food which are easy to digest, bitter tasting green vegetables, wholegrains and cereals, food prepared with infused ghee including triphala and neem, green gram and pointed gourd.

Foods to avoid include sour food, milk, curd, jaggery, sesame, fish and foods which are difficult to digest.

Herbal external application

A herbal pack can be applied on the affected area. The specific herbs are chosen according to the body type as well as the type of skin disorder.

Decoction

A decoction of various herbs can be made and applied directly to the skin or made into a bath. Similarly, the specific herbs are chosen according to the type of skin disease and the patient’s symptoms and constitution.

References

Nature News, www.nature.com/subjects/skin-diseases. Accessed 15 Aug. 2023.
“Skin Diseases.” National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 3 Apr. 2023, www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
Eckert, L., Gupta, S., Amand, C., Gadkari, A., Mahajan, P., & Gelfand, J. M. (2017). Impact of atopic dermatitis on health-related quality of life and productivity in adults in the United States: an analysis using the National Health and Wellness Survey. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 77(2), 274-279.
Ayer, J., & Burrows, N. (2006). Acne: more than skin deep. Postgraduate medical journal, 82(970), 500-506.
Dunwell, P., & Rose, A. (2003). Study of the skin disease spectrum occurring in an Afro‐Caribbean population. International journal of dermatology, 42(4), 287-289.
Disease control priorities in developing countries (second edition … (n.d.). https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-6179-5
Karimkhani, C., Dellavalle, R. P., Coffeng, L. E., Flohr, C., Hay, R. J., Langan, S. M., … & Naghavi, M. (2017). Global skin disease morbidity and mortality: an update from the global burden of disease study 2013. JAMA dermatology, 153(5), 406-412.
Richard, M. A., Paul, C., Nijsten, T., Gisondi, P., Salavastru, C., Taieb, C., … & EADV Burden of Skin Diseases Project Team. (2022). Prevalence of most common skin diseases in Europe: a population‐based study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 36(7), 1088-1096.
Samannodi, M. (2022, October). Hospital admissions related to infections and disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in England and Wales. In Healthcare (Vol. 10, No. 10, p. 2028). MDPI.
Disease control priorities in developing countries (second edition … (n.d.). https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-6179-5
Huang, B. L., Chandra, S., & Shih, D. Q. (2012). Skin manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Frontiers in physiology, 3, 13.
Lyte, M. (2014). Microbial endocrinology and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbial endocrinology: the microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and disease, 3-24.
Mariadason, J. M., Catto-Smith, A., & Gibson, P. R. (1999). Modulation of distal colonic epithelial barrier function by dietary fibre in normal rats. Gut, 44(3), 394-399.
Bickers, D. R., & Athar, M. (2006). Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of skin disease. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 126(12), 2565-2575.
Charak Samhita. (2023, March 7). Kushtha Chikitsa. Charak Samhita. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Kushtha_Chikitsa
Joshi, A. R., & Joshi, K. (2007). Ethnomedicinal plants used against skin diseases in some villages of Kali Gandaki, Bagmati and Tadi Likhu watersheds of Nepal. Ethnobotanical leaflets, 2007(1), 27.
Arora, N., Bansal, M. P., & Koul, A. (2011). Azadirachta indica exerts chemopreventive action against murine skin cancer: studies on histopathological, ultrastructural changes and modulation of NF-κB, AP-1, and STAT1. Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics, 19(5), 179-191.
Biswas, K., Chattopadhyay, I., Banerjee, R. K., & Bandyopadhyay, U. (2002). Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current science, 1336-1345.
Bhardwaj, R. L., & Rajput, R. (2010). Wound healing properties of neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss) and turmeric powder (Curcuma longa). Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 31(1), 59-61.
Agrawal, R. C., & Pandey, S. (2009). Evaluation of anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic potential of Bauhinia variegata extract in Swiss albino mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10(5), 913-6.
Das, I., Das, S., & Saha, T. (2010). Saffron suppresses oxidative stress in DMBA-induced skin carcinoma: A histopathological study. Acta histochemica, 112(4), 317-327.
Kim, J., seok Lee, I., Park, S., & Choue, R. (2010). Effects of Scutellariae radix and Aloe vera gel extracts on immunoglobulin E and cytokine levels in atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 132(2), 529-532.
Syed, T. A., Ahmad, S. A., Holt, A. H., Ahmad, S. A., Ahmad, S. H., & Afzal, M. (1996). Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1(4), 505-509.

The post Skin health: An Ayurvedic perspective appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Pellitory of the wall

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 03 Feb 2025 09:40:51 +0000

The post Pellitory of the wall appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Arnica

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 01 Feb 2025 16:19:42 +0000

The post Arnica appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Centaury

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 12 Jan 2025 16:34:34 +0000

The post Centaury appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Chickweed

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 07 Jan 2025 16:09:05 +0000

The post Chickweed appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Poke root

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 09:37:42 +0000

The post Poke root appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Wormwood

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 06 Dec 2024 09:50:41 +0000

The post Wormwood appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Yerba maté

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 15:13:30 +0000

The post Yerba maté appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Comfrey

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 17 Nov 2024 11:55:33 +0000

The post Comfrey appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Eczema

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 18:54:09 +0000

Eczema is a skin condition that typically manifests as a red, itchy rash, which can arise due to exposure to allergens or irritants that cause an immune response

Understanding eczema

Eczema, or dermatitis, refers to a group of itchy, inflammatory skin conditions which can be acute or chronic and have a variety of causes (1,2).

The most common type is atopic eczema, affecting 20% of children and 5–10% of adults (1). Atopic eczema typically presents in childhood, with 60% of cases developing in the first year, and 90% before five years old (3). Remission typically occurs in two-thirds of children by 15 years old, but relapses may occur later in life (4). Many children go on to develop other allergic diseases such as food allergy, asthma, or allergic rhinitis (5).

Contact dermatitis is another type of eczema which can be further divided into irritant or allergic types (1). Both types occur as a result of external contact with either a skin irritant or allergen, and it effects 10–20% of the population (6). Contact dermatitis often starting at a young age, occurs twice as frequently in women, with a prevalence of 15% in 12–16-year-olds (6).

In children, eczema can have a substantial effect on psychosocial wellbeing by causing poor sleep, bullying, loss of schooling, failure to thrive, depression, anxiety, behaviour difficulties, and has a negative effect on self-confidence (1,7). In adults, eczema can have a significant impact on quality of life by effecting work and relationships, reducing self-esteem, causing poor sleep, and is linked to depression (1,7).

How does eczema work?

The pathophysiology of atopic eczema is complex and remains unclear, involving multiple factors including genetics, immunology and the environment (8). However, the two main drivers are the biology of the skin barrier function and immune system dysregulation, which results in a disrupted epidermis, inflammation and the intense itch (3,7).

Abnormalities in the skin’s structure and function increase trans-epidermal water loss, leading to dry, cracked and itchy skin (3). This dysfunction makes the skin more susceptible to irritants, allergens, and pathogens by permitting the entry of these across the skin barrier and triggering immune responses (7). Atopic eczema is characterised by an exaggerated immune response to these barrier invaders, which leads to an inflammatory response, redness, swelling, itchy fluid filled blisters and skin damage from scratching (3). In atopic eczema this immune response can occur in reaction to both external and internal triggers, meaning the symptoms may appear in areas where there is no external contact with an irritant, allergen or pathogen (9).

Allergic contact dermatitis is caused by an immune-mediated response to an allergen, with the reaction only occurring at the area of skin contact with the allergen (6). Cells in the immune system (CD4 T-lymphocytes) identify the substance as an allergen and release cytokines, which cause the skin reaction and inflammation (6). Irritant contact dermatitis results from irritation and damage to the skin from the substance that contacts the skin, causing skin injury and inflammation, but there is no immune-mediated allergic involvement (1).

Understanding the root of eczema

The exact cause varies between individuals, but is linked to a genetic predisposition, immune system factors, environmental factors, diet and stress.

Genetics

The two major risk factors consistently implicated in the development of atopic eczema are a family history of atopy, and mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene (3). About 70% of people with atopic eczema have close relatives either with atopic dermatitis or asthma and hay fever (9).

The FLG gene encodes a key epidermal structural protein and is crucial for maintaining the skin barrier, and mutations in the gene making the skin more susceptible to irritants, allergens, and pathogens (7).

Innate immune system dysfunction

Skin barrier dysfunction

The skin is the first line defence of the immune system, and a defective skin barrier permits the entry of allergens and microbes, triggering an immune response (8). The epithelial dysfunction seen in atopic eczema also allows increased epidermal water loss, leading to dry, itchy and cracked skin (8,9).

Skin microbiome

Part of the innate immune system that can be imbalanced in atopic eczema, with a higher colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (3). This disrupts the balance of the skin microbiome, reduces the skin barrier protection, and presents an infection risk (10).

Natural killer (NK) cells

NK cells can be lower and functionally defective in patients with atopic eczema, reducing the immune defences and contributing to poorly regulated immune responses (10).

Adaptive immune system dysfunction

Atopic eczema is often characterised by the genetic predisposition to develop an overactive immune response to an allergen (11). In 73–88% of atopic eczema cases there is an overproduction of immunogloblin E (IgE) in response to allergens, creating the symptoms of the allergic reaction (9). This is caused by an immune cell imbalance towards T-helper 2 cell (Th2) activity, which produces an exaggerated IgE antibody response to allergens, and activates the allergic reaction (3,7). However, not everyone with atopic eczema exhibits elevated antibodies (IgE), meaning the cause is not an allergic reaction all individuals (9).

Diet

Food allergens are causative of atopic eczema in approximately 35% of patients, with milk, egg, wheat, soy, and peanut accounting for 75% of the cases (5). In childhood eczema, allergies to milk, eggs and peanuts account for around 81% of cases (12). Allergies to milk, egg, and wheat typically resolve during childhood, however allergies to nuts and fish often persist (7). Other foods that often affect eczema include: tomatoes, blackcurrants, chocolate, food additives, yeast extract, pork, beef, nightshades (13). An imbalance in the essential fatty acid content of the diet, as well as nutrient deficiencies such as zinc, B vitamins, Vitamin A, calcium, and magnesium are all related to eczema presentations (13).

Environmental factors

Exposure to irritants such as soaps, detergents, shampoo, washing-up liquid, chlorinated water, wool and synthetic materials can trigger symptoms (9, 13).

Allergens like pollen, dust mites, and pet dander can all trigger the allergic immune response (5). Cold, dry or damp weather can all trigger or aggravate an acute flair-up in symptoms (9).

Stress

Stress can trigger a flair, and increase the severity of eczema symptoms (14). This is caused by a cortisol-induced suppression of the immune system, and an increased secretion of inflammatory mediators which disrupt of the skin barrier and worsen eczema symptoms (15).

Toxicity

Skin diseases are often a signal of inner toxicities, an accumulation of irritants, or a deficiency in the normal eliminatory functions (2). The elevated immune system activity seen in eczema results in metabolic waste production, which can exacerbate symptoms if not eliminated as waste through the liver, bowel, lymphatic and urinary systems.

Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis results from direct contact with an irritant (irritant contact dermatitis) or allergen (allergic contact dermatitis). Common irritants and allergens include soaps, detergents, chemicals, hair dyes, nickel, preservatives, latex, lanolin and plants like poison ivy (6). Symptoms typically appear within 24 hours of exposure and alleviate once exposure to the irritant or allergen is removed, and the allergic reaction has subsided.

Signs and symptoms

The clinical features of eczema are the same, irrespective of the cause, varying slightly in the acute and chronic presentations (1). The acute features are a rash which is red, itchy, inflamed, with fluid-filled blisters which may be weeping due to scratching the intense itch (3). The chronic cases may be as above, but the skin also dry, cracked, scaly, and thickened (lichenification) (1,7).

Symptoms of atopic eczema

Atopic eczema most commonly begins in infancy or childhood, and most often affects people who have allergies such as asthma or hay fever, or a family history of these conditions (3). In babies, the rashes are common on the scalp, cheeks and trunk, and in children the symptoms often occur in the creases of elbows, behind the knees, eyelids, wrists and ankles (1). In adults the face, under the eyes, hands, feet and trunk are commonly involved. Complications and secondary symptoms include skin infection, irritant reaction and allergic reaction due to weakened skin barrier function (1).

Symptoms of contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis causes red, irritated skin when in direct contact with a particular substance such as latex, metals, or a chemical.

The symptoms occur at the site of contact such as: earlobes, umbilicus and wrists due to contact with nickel in earrings, watches and trouser buttons; hands and wrists due to detergents, chemicals or rubber gloves; and eyelids due to rubbing the eyes (1).

Herbal solutions

The symptoms of atopic eczema and contact dermatitis are similar, and therefore determination of the cause will be key to the treatment. Identification of the triggers can be a difficult process, but avoidance of the cause is fundamental to successful treatment. Herbal treatments will aim to support and protect the skin; support the immune system with immune modulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy actions; and support the eliminatory processes with alterative, hepatic, digestive and diuretic actions to reduce the burden of elimination through the skin.

Witch hazel branch (Hamamelis virginiana)

Topical herbal solutions

External treatment can be used to reduce inflammation (anti-inflammatory) support the skin barrier function, support healing (vulneraries) reduce the itch (antipruritic), and provide antimicrobial support against infection.

Oil-based ointments

Oil-based ointments are used on dry, itchy and lichenified skin to soften the skin, supply exogenous lipids to the surface, and reduce water loss by forming an occlusive layer (7).

Lotions and creams

Lotions and creams are water and tincture-based and can be used to cool and dry inflamed and weeping skin, without trapping in infection (2).

Anti-inflammatory herbs

Anti-inflammatory herbs like liquorice, chamomile, St Johns wort, and calendula will calm and soothe inflamed skin. Several clinical trials demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of liquorice root to be effective in the topical treatment of atopic eczema (16). St Johns wort cream has been shown to improve atopic eczema in a clinical trial (17). Soaked linseeds or oats can be used as a poultice for painfully inflamed skin, and a cloth bag of oats in the bath is soothing and anti-inflammatory (2).

Antipruritic herbs

Antipruritic herbs are indicated where the skin is itchy, to relieve the symptoms and prevent further skin damage from scratching. Chickweed is anti-itch, anti-inflammatory and cooling. Cooling herbs like peppermint, lavender, chamomile and rose can reduce inflammation and the itching sensation. For dry and itch skin, use nourishing and demulcent herbs like oats, liquorice, calendula and chamomile.

Vulnerary herbs

Vulnerary herbs will help the skin to heal. Calendula is particularly suited to eczema as it promotes skin healing and is also anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial. Comfrey actively promotes skin healing, as well as being anti-inflammatory, cooling, astringent and demulcent (18). Gotu kola promotes wound healing while preventing scar tissue from forming, as well as being a strong anti-inflammatory (19).

Antimicrobial herbs

Antimicrobial herbs will help with any skin microflora imbalance, and can be useful against infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Oregon grape root has antimicrobial activity and the topical application has been shown to improve eczema (20). Calendula, myrrh, tea tree oil, echinacea and St Johns wort are all excellent antimicrobials to combine into topical applications.

Astringent herbs

Astringent herbs can be helpful to reduce the weeping, promote the healing, and reduce the infection risk, if the skin is broken and discharging (2). Witch hazel is astringent and antimicrobial, and has clinical efficacy in treating atopic eczema (21,22). Witch hazel ointment is an effective and safe treatment for eczema in children (23). Other gentle astringents include rose and chamomile

Cleavers (Galium aperine)

Internal herbal solutions

Immune system support

Echinacea is an important herb in atopic eczema to both support the innate immune system, and modulate the immune response to allergens. Echinacea helps to balance the immune cells by shifting away from a predominance of Th2, and reducing the potential for an IgE allergic reaction (2). Other anti-allergy herbs include chamomile, Baikal skullcap, nettle, feverfew.

Anti-microbial action

Where there is a skin infection, anti-microbial herbs such as andrographis will help to control the infection. Use of Oregon grape root alongside antibiotics can enhance the antibiotic action and protect against antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria (24,25).

Anti-inflammatory action

Liquorice has strong anti-inflammatory effects, and as part of combined Chinese-herbal formulas has been shown to be effective in treating eczema (12). Oregon grape root is an effective anti-inflammatory herb for eczema by promoting the release of the anti-inflammatory molecules, and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory molecules which trigger atopic eczema (26,27).

Alterative and depurartive action

Alterative and depurative herbs support elimination, and prevent the accumulation of toxins and metabolic waste. Burdock root is key to stimulating the removal of waste and stagnation from within cells, and combines well with lymphatic herbs like cleavers, red clover and calendula to support elimination. Viola tricolour and Oregon grape root combine well for wet and weepy eczema, whereas red clover is better suited to dry and itchy conditions. Viola tricolour (heartsease) is specifically used in infantile eczema (2).

Digestive system support

Digestive function can be supported with bitter herbs like Oregon grape root to promote the elimination of toxins from the liver and through the bowel. Dandelion root, burdock root, and liquorice all promote the motility of the bowel and provide support to the microbiome in the digestive tract.

Nervous system support

Relaxing nervines are indicated if stress or anxiety are a cause or consequence of the condition, and when sleep is disturbed by itching or psychological distress. Oat straw and oat seed are tonic herbs for the nervous system, as well being nutritious and restorative. Other relaxing nervines include chamomile, skullcap, lemon balm, vervain, hops, and St Johns wort.

Holistic solutions

Environmental

Avoid contact with known irritants such as chemicals, bleach, wool, detergents, nickel, latex, hair dyes.

Diet

Management of atopic eczema may significantly involve the diet (5).

Elimination of allergens: Where a dietary factor is identified as causing an IgE mediated allergy, elimination of the allergen is essential (28). Parental history, skin-prick tests, and serum IgE tests have low positive predictive values, and the use of food challenge testing is more reliable (5). Elimination diets are often helpful in challenge-proven cases, but care is needed to evaluate the ongoing nutritional status (5). Excessively restrictive diets, especially in children, can lead to weight loss, poor growth, calcium deficiency, and vitamin deficiency (28).
Probiotics and prebiotics: Supporting the gut microbiome with pre and probiotics can improve symptoms of eczema (29).
Supplements: Recommended supplements to support skin integrity, immune function and reduce inflammation in eczema include fish oils, evening primrose oil, multivitamin supplements, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamins B₁₂ and B₆ (2,12,30).

Skin care

Regular bathing will hydrate and cleanse the skin by removing scales, crusts, bacteria, allergens, and irritants (31).
After bathing, patting the skin dry avoids rubbing and irritation, and applying moisturiser within three minutes seals in moisture and prevents dryness from triggering the itch (3).
Daily application of emollients and ointments is an essential part of the prevention and treatment of eczema to retain and replenish epidermal moisture, decrease symptom severity, and prolong the interval between flare-ups (3).
Use non-scented soaps, cleansers and moisturizers (12).
Use non-biological laundry detergents, and wash new clothes before wearing them to remove detergent, finishes and dyes (3).

Stress

If stress or anxiety are known to exacerbate symptoms, use of stress management and relaxation techniques can help lower stress level.

Temperature

Keeping the indoor environment at a cool temperature and consistent humidity level may help to prevent flairs. The use of a humidifier in the winter can counteract the drying effect of indoor heating.

Barrier protection

Wearing gloves or protective clothing will shield the skin when exposed to known irritants and allergens (6).

References

Ralston SH, Penman ID, Strachan MW, Hobson R, editors. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine: Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
Bone K and Mills S. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
Frazier W, Bhardwaj N. Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. American Family Physician. 2020;101(10):590-598.
Schmitt J, Apfelbacher CJ, Flohr C. Eczema. BMJ clinical evidence. 2011; 05:1716. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217753/pdf/2011-1716.pdf
Greenhawt M. The role of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. In Allergy & Asthma Proceedings. 2010;31(5). DOI:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3393
Peiser M, Tralau T, Heidler J, Api AM, Arts JH, Basketter DA, English J, Diepgen TL, Fuhlbrigge RC, Gaspari AA, Johansen JD. Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects: Current knowledge assembled at an international workshop at BfR, Germany. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2012;69:763-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0846-8
Weidinger, P., Stephan, & Novak, P., Natalija. Atopic dermatitis. The Lancet (British Edition). 2016; 387(10023), 1109–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00149-X
Yang G, Seok JK, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(8):2867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082867
King, LM. What Is Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)? WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-basics. Published July 24, 2024. Accessed October 2, 2024.
De Benedetto A, Agnihothri R, McGirt LY, Bankova LG, Beck LA. Atopic dermatitis: a disease caused by innate immune defects?. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2009;129(1):14-30. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.259
Bertrand, C. Atophy. DermNet. https://dermnetnz.org/topics/atopy. Published October 2022. Accessed October 1, 2024.
Murray, MT. The Encyclopaedia of Natural Medicine (Third Edition). Atria Paperback; 2012.
McIntyre, A. Herbal Treatment of Children: Western and Ayurvedic Perspectives. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, 2005.
Langan, SM, and Williams, HC. What causes worsening of eczema? A systematic review. British Journal of Dermatology. 2006;155 (3)504–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07381.x
Alexopoulos A, Chrousos GP. Stress-related skin disorders. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2016;17:295-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-016-9367-y
Hoffmann J, Gendrisch F, Schempp CM, Wölfle U. New herbal biomedicines for the topical treatment of dermatological disorders. Biomedicines. 2020;8(2):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020027
Schempp CM, Windeck T, Hezel S, Simon JC. Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with St. John’s wort cream–a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind half-side comparison. Phytomedicine. 2003;10:31-7. https://doi.org/10.1078/1433-187X-00306
Staiger C. Comfrey: a clinical overview. Phytotherapy Research. 2012;26(10):1441-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4612
Bylka W, Znajdek‐Awiżeń P, Studzińska‐Sroka E, Dańczak‐Pazdrowska A, Brzezińska M. Centella asiatica in dermatology: an overview. Phytotherapy research. 2014;28(8):1117-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5110
Donsky H, Clarke D. Relieva, a Mahonia aquifolium extract for the treatment of adult patients with atopic dermatitis. American journal of therapeutics. 2007 Sep 1;14(5):442-6.
Pfister et al (1981). Cited by Bone K and Mills S. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
Korting HC, Schäfer-Korting M, Klövekon W, Klövekorn G, Martin C, Laux P. Comparative efficacy of hamamelis distillate and hydrocortisone cream in atopic eczema. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 1995;48:461-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00194335
Wolff, H.H. and Kieser, M. Hamamelis in children with skin disorders and skin injuries: results of an observational study. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2007;166(9);943-948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0363-1
Chu M, Zhang MB, Liu YC, Kang JR, Chu ZY, Yin KL, Ding LY, Ding R, Xiao RX, Yin YN, Liu XY. Role of berberine in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Scientific reports. 2016; 22;6(1):24748.
Čerňáková M, Košťálová D. Antimicrobial activity of berberine—a constituent of Mahonia aquifolium. Folia microbiologica. 2002;47:375-8.
Andreicut A, Parvu A, Mot A, Parvu M, Fodor E, Feldrihan V, Catoi A, Cecan M, Irimie A. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia Aquifolium Leaves and Bark Extract. Farmacia. 2018;66:49-58.
Guttman-Yassky E, Waldman A, Ahluwalia J. Atopic Dermatitis: pathogenesis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2017;36(3):100–103.
Sidbury R, Tom WL, Bergman JN, Cooper KD, Silverman RA, Berger TG, Chamlin SL, Cohen DE, Cordoro KM, Davis DM, Feldman SR. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 4. Prevention of disease flares and use of adjunctive therapies and approaches. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2014;71(6):1218-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.038
Passeron, T., Lacour, JP., Fontas, E. and Ortonne, JP. Prebiotics and synbiotics: two promising approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children above 2 years. Allergy. 2006; 61: 431-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00956.x
Hoffmann D. Medicinal Herbalism, The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Healing Arts Press; 2003.
Schneider L, Tilles S, Lio P, Boguniewicz M, Beck L, LeBovidge J, Novak N, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D. Atopic dermatitis: a practice parameter update 2012. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2013;131(2):295-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.672

The post Eczema appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Tea tree

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 18:06:52 +0000

The post Tea tree appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Violets

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 11 Nov 2024 16:55:21 +0000

The post Violets appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Coltsfoot

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 11:11:54 +0000

The post Coltsfoot appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Acne

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 28 Oct 2024 19:28:24 +0000

Acne is a skin condition exacerbated by hormonal changes, stress and diet that typically presents with papules and pustules on the face, chest and upper back.

Understanding acne

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases, and the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 9.4% of the global population (1). It affects 80–85% of people at some point between age 11 and 30 years old (2,3). The onset of acne typically correlates with the onset of puberty, with the prevalence peaking in the teenage years then progressively declining with increasing age (1,4). During adolescence, it is more common in males than females, but in adulthood is more prevalent in women (2).

Acne tends to occur for 3–5 years, but has been increasingly recognised as a potentially chronic disease as opposed to a self-limited condition (a disease that will resolve itself of its own accord, without intervention) (5). Acne has a range of potential consequences to individuals including symptomatic discomfort, scarring, emotional and psychosocial distress (including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, poor body image, and social withdrawal), and occupational consequences (4,6).

How does acne work?

Acne is a chronic inﬂammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit (hair follicle and sebaceous gland) (7). The pathophysiology involves several factors: hyperseborrhoea (excess sebum production by the sebaceous glands); follicular keratinization (sebum and dead skin cells form a plug in the follicle); bacterial growth (Propionibacterium acnes) in the pilosebaceous unit; and inflammation as the immune system responds to the bacterial proliferation (7). Sebum production increases during puberty and high sebum levels favour the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, and the development of inflammatory acne lesions in more severe acne (1).

Conventional medical treatments focus on topical treatments, oral antibiotics, hormone treatments, and isotretinoin (Accutane, Roaccutane), which can only be administered for short durations due to the potential side effects (5,8). Oral antibiotics work through a direct antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effect, although antibiotic resistant strains of Propionibacterium acnes are severely limiting the efficacy of this treatment (3).

Understanding the root

The pathogenesis of acne involves a complex interplay of multiple factors.

Genetics

Genetic factors are thought to be involved, as a positive family history of acne in parents is associated with increased acne risk in their offspring, with a heritability of 80% in first-degree relatives (1,2).

Hormones

Sebum production by the sebaceous glands is under the influence of hormones, particularly androgens and stress hormones (2). This explains the increased prevalence of acne during puberty when androgen levels are elevated (7). Similarly, the hormonal shifts through the menstrual cycle can be a cause of acne at certain points in the cycle. High levels of androgens are common in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which can result in acne being a feature of this condition (9).

Diet

The relationship between diet and acne is controversial and has been extensively debated. Recent research suggests there is a relationship to the glycaemic load, linking acne to blood glucose and hyperinsulinemia (10). Similarly, milk consumption is associated with an increased incidence of acne in several observational studies (11,12,13). A recent meta-analysis identified that intake of any kind of dairy (milk, yogurt, and cheese) is associated with an increased likelihood of acne (14). Dairy consumption results in a significant increase in insulin and insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) levels, comparable with high glycaemic food (14).

Hyperinsulinemia is associated with the pathophysiology of acne by increasing IGF-1 levels which stimulates androgen synthesis and increases sebum production (14). A high intake of fruits, vegetables and fish may lower the risk of acne presentation (1). This is likely to be due to the omega-3 fatty acids in fish and the high fibre content in fruits and vegetables, which have been shown to reduce IGF-1 levels and lower acne risk (6). Both a high fat diet and chocolate consumption were connected to acne exacerbation in a recent review of the literature on acne and the diet (16).

Stress

Stress is a cause of acne, a major factor in exacerbating the condition, and a consequence of the presence of the lesions (3). Both the emotional distress from acne, and mentally stressful life events have been correlated with an increased severity and occurrence (17). Relaxation training and stress reduction techniques can improve the severity of acne, with a recurrence once the relaxation techniques are discontinued (18).

Topical

External factors can influence the development of acne, including the use of comedogenic cosmetics which can block the skin pores, and aggressive detergents, which can disrupt the protective microbiome of the skin (7). Mechanical occlusion of the skin pores with headbands, shoulder straps and backpacks can exacerbate acne (2).

Other causes

Acne can also have an iatrogenic cause due to certain medications, and can be a feature of endocrine disorders such as PCOS, Cushing’s syndrome, androgen secreting tumours, and acromegaly (19).

Signs and symptoms

Acne patients typically present with comedones (black and white heads), papules (raised lesions) and pustules (inflamed papules filled with pus) (1). Seborrhoea, or grease production, is also a feature often visible on the skin (3). The most common body areas affected are the face, upper back, upper chest, lower back, shoulders and neck (4). Other symptoms such as scars, pain, erythema, tenderness and hyperpigmentation may be observed in more severe presentations (2).

Herbal solutions

Acne is indicative of a hormonal imbalance, liver stagnation and toxicity, dysbiosis, stress, nutritional deficiencies, and the herbal treatment will be aimed at addressing these issues (19,20,21).

Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

Depurative or alterative herbs

Depurative or alterative herbs improve the elimination of metabolic waste and are often central to the treatment of skin conditions. Burdock root is key to stimulating the removal of waste and stagnation from within cells. Burdock root combines well with lymphatic and hepatic herbs, to ensure the elimination of the metabolic waste. Oregon grape root is used for skin conditions due to this alterative action as well as supporting the liver, and having an antimicrobial action. Other important alterative herbs are yellow dock, calendula, red clover and nettle.

Hepatic herbs

Hepatic herbs support the liver with detoxification, which is important in order to process excess hormones and help to regulate circulating hormone levels. Supporting both the liver and the bowel also takes the toxin load away from the skin as an eliminatory organ (20). Dandelion root, milk thistle, artichoke, rosemary, turmeric and schisandra all support the liver.

Digestive support

Digestive support will help with elimination through the bowel. Dandelion root, burdock root, yellow dock, and liquorice promote the motility of the bowel and provide support to the microbiome in the digestive tract. In cases of constipation, sluggish or congested bowels, also use linseeds or psyllium that have been soaked in water overnight.

Hormonal modulation

Vitex (chaste berry) has mild antiandrogenic effects and can be beneficial in treating hormone-related acne in both males and females (22,23). Spearmint has been shown to have significant antiandrogen effects and could provide hormone balance in cases of excess androgens (24).

Antimocrobials

Antimicrobials can be used internally and externally to support the immune system to deal infection and inflammation. Oregon grape root and calendula are effective herbs for internal use here.

Calendula, rose, witch-hazel, and tea tree oil can be used topically as a wash or spitz.

Herbs supporting the immune system

Immune support will help with a more effective immune response to mitigate inflammation, help control the bacterial growth in the pustules, and may be required if there has been recent or long term antibiotic use. Berberine containing herbs such as Oregon grape root can be used alongside antibiotic treatment to complement the antibiotic action and reduce to development on antibiotic resistance (25,26). Echinacea provides immune support to control bacterial infections, as well supporting the lymphatic system to clear cellular debris and metabolic waste, which reduces inflammation and promoting tissue healing. Andrographis supports the immune system, is specifically antibacterial, and also providing bitter support to the liver and bowel.

Blue vervain (Verbena hastata)

Lymphatic herbs

Lymphatic herbs may be indicated if there is considerable inflammation and also to support the eliminatory processes and tissue cleansing. Calendula, red clover and echinacea are good choices here as supportive herbs.

Relaxing herbs

Relaxing nervines are indicated if stress is either exacerbating the acne, or the condition is causing emotional stress. Relaxants which have complementary actions on the liver and digestion include chamomile, skullcap, vervain, hops, and St. John’s wort.

Adaptogenic herbs

Adaptogens are indicated if stress is a potential cause or consequence of acne. Gotu kola has the benefit of being an adaptogen as well as a wound healer. Ashwagandha is a powerful adaptogen for balancing stress hormones, and has also been shown to have positive effects on acne due to the antibacterial and inflammatory properties (22).

Skin herbs

Skin trophorestorative herbs can be used internally and externally to support the skin healing. Calendula supports cell proliferation and healing as well as reducing scar tissue formation. Combined with the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and lymphatic actions, calendula is ideal for use both externally and internally. Gotu kola is another herb which supports wound healing and reduces scar formation, as well as being an adaptogen to support stress. Comfrey and lavender used externally will help with skin healing, reduce scar formation, and provide antimicrobial protection.

Topical applications

Herbs with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, vulnerary and skin-trophorestorative actions are required to support acne. Calendula, chamomile, rose, witch-hazel, tea-tree oil, lavender, gotu kola, and aloe vera are all excellent herbs for topical applications such as in a wash, steam, spritz, or infused cream.

Holistic solutions

Diet

Consume a low glycaemic index diet (legumes, grains, nuts, seeds, vegetables), which is associated with a beneficial effect on acne (10).
Reduce or remove dairy, particularly milk.
Increase fruit and vegetables intake to improve the fibre content of the diet and support the digestive system and microbiome, and also provide essential vitamins and minerals.
Moderate fat intake by reducing saturated and processed fats and focussing on healthy sources such as avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, oily fish.
Increase intake of foods rich in omega-3 fats (salmon, mackerel, sardines, anchovies, flaxseed, chia seeds, seaweeds) to support the skin health and suppress the production of inflammatory marker (16).
Reduce consumption of food containing a combination of fat, sugar and milk, such as milk chocolate, desserts, cakes and other sweet treats.
Consider nutritional supplements which can support the skin, immune system and microbiome — vitamins A, C, D, E, zinc, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics.
Green tea has been shown to be effective in treating mild to moderate acne (27).

Stress

Make lifestyle modifications to reduce stress.
Take regular exercise, get sufficient sleep, reduce caffeine intake and engage with hobbies.
Relaxation techniques such as biofeedback assisted relaxation, meditation, mindfulness, yoga and yoga Nidra can be used to regulate the nervous system and reduce stress (18).

Skin care

Avoid squeezing or picking the pimples, as this could make the acne worse, push the plug deeper into the skin, cause the follicle to rupture, and increases the chance of scarring (3,21).
Avoid aggressive detergents which will not only disrupt the protective microbiome of the skin, but also strip the sebum from the skin creating the potential for a rebound increase in sebum production (7,19).
Herbal extracts such as liquorice which contain saponins can be used as a gentle skin wash without causing rebound sebum production (19).

References

Heng AH, Chew FT. Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):5754. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62715-3
Mahto A. Acne vulgaris. Medicine. 2017 Jun 1;45(6):386-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.03.003
Bhate K, Williams HC. Epidemiology of acne vulgaris. British Journal of Dermatology. 2013 Mar 1;168(3):474-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12149
Tan JK, Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. British Journal of Dermatology. 2015;172(S1):3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13462
Gollnick HP, Finlay AY, Shear N, Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. Can we define acne as a chronic disease? If so, how and when?. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2008;9:279-84. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200809050-00001
Spencer EH, Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND. Diet and acne: a review of the evidence. International Journal of Dermatology. 2009;48(4).
Dréno B. What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2017;31:8-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14374
NHS. Isotretinoin capsules (Roaccutane). Accessed September 25, 2024. https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/isotretinoin-capsules/
Chuan SS, Chang RJ. Polycystic ovary syndrome and acne. Skin therapy letter. 2010 Nov 1;15(10):1-4.
Kwon HH, Yoon JY, Hong JS, Jung J, Park MS, Suh DH. Clinical and histological effect of a low glycaemic load diet in treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta dermato-venereologica. 2012;92(3):241-6. DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1346
Ismail NH, Manaf ZA, Azizan NZ. High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study. BMC dermatology. 2012;12:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-5945-12-13
Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, Danby FW, Frazier AL, Willett WC, Holmes MD. High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2005;52(2):207-14.
Adebamowo CA, Spiegelman D, Berkey CS, Danby FW, Rockett HH, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Holmes MD. Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2008;58(5):787-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.049
Juhl CR, Bergholdt HKM, Miller IM, Jemec GBE, Kanters JK, Ellervik C. Dairy Intake and Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 78,529 Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Nutrients. 2018; 10(8):1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081049
Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Role of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Experimental dermatology. 2009;18(10):833-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00924.x
Conforti C, Agozzino M, Emendato G, Fai A, Fichera F, Marangi GF, Neagu N, Pellacani G, Persichetti P, Segreto F, Zalaudek I. Acne and diet: a review. International Journal of Dermatology. 2022;61(8):930-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15862
Chiu A, Chon SY, Kimball AB. The Response of Skin Disease to Stress: Changes in the Severity of Acne Vulgaris as Affected by Examination Stress. Archives of Dermatology. 2003;139(7):897–900. doi:10.1001/archderm.139.7.897
Hughes H, Lawlis GF, Brown BW, Fulton Jr JE. Treatment of acne vulgaris by biofeedback relaxation and cognitive imagery. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1983 Jan 1;27(3):185-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(83)90021-1
Bone K and Mills S. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
McIntyre, A. The Complete Herbal Tutor: The Definitive Guide to the Principles and Practices of Herbal Medicine. Aeon Books, 2019.
Hoffmann D. Medicinal Herbalism, The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Healing Arts Press; 2003.
Nasri H, Bahmani M, Shahinfard N, Nafchi AM, Saberianpour S, Kopaei MR. Medicinal plants for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a review of recent evidences. Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2015;8(11). doi: 10.5812/jjm.25580
Zahid H, Rizwani GH, Ishaqe S. Phytopharmacological review on Vitex agnus-castus: a potential medicinal plant. Chinese Herbal Medicines. 2016;8(1):24-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1674-6384(16)60004-7
Grant P. Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti‐androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2010;24(2):186-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2900
Čerňáková M, Košťálová D. Antimicrobial activity of berberine—a constituent of Mahonia aquifolium. Folia microbiologica. 2002;47:375-8.
Chu M, Zhang MB, Liu YC, Kang JR, Chu ZY, Yin KL, Ding LY, Ding R, Xiao RX, Yin YN, Liu XY. Role of berberine in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Scientific reports. 2016; 22;6(1):24748.
Proença AC, Luis A, Duarte AP. The role of herbal medicine in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a systematic review of clinical trials. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022;1:2011945. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2011945

The post Acne appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Eucalyptus

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 14 Oct 2024 08:43:37 +0000

The post Eucalyptus appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Shepherd’s purse

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 05 Oct 2024 10:27:33 +0000

The post Shepherd’s purse appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Lady’s mantle

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 25 Sep 2024 08:41:58 +0000

The post Lady’s mantle appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Witch hazel

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 02 Sep 2024 11:52:17 +0000

The post Witch hazel appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Pleurisy root

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 02 Sep 2024 11:05:22 +0000

The post Pleurisy root appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Iris

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 01 Sep 2024 14:23:59 +0000

The post Iris appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Irish moss

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 14 Aug 2024 09:31:29 +0000

The post Irish moss appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Nasturtium

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 13:36:46 +0000

The post Nasturtium appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Psoriasis

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 07:27:55 +0000

Many people can go on to develop psoriatic arthritis if left untreated. This article shares some herbal treatment protocols for psoriasis.

Understanding psoriasis

Psoriasis is a non-contagious, multifactorial condition affecting the skin that often follows cycles of relapse and remission (flares). It usually occurs in young adults (18–39) or those aged 50–69, but people of all ages can be affected, males and females in equal proportion. Two percent of the global population is estimated to have the condition (1). Signalling between immune cells present in the skin goes awry due to multiple factors, leading to dysregulated skin cell (keratinocyte) growth, resulting in the characteristic plaques which will likely lead to a diagnosis of psoriasis.

Although psoriasis has been thought of as an autoimmune condition, this viewpoint is being challenged by new data that suggest skin and gut dysbiosis (reduced immune tolerance to bacteria living in and on us) is a central root cause (2). As with many conditions arising from dysbiosis, the chronic inflammation and accompanying systemic features that present with psoriasis reflect the traditional wisdom of clearing heat, damp and improving the excretory function of the body’s systems to deal with this condition.

Psoriasis, named for the Greek root word referring to ‘itch’, can significantly impact a person’s quality of life and psychological health, given the potentially visible and uncomfortable nature of the disease. The physical discomfort, easy bleeding, itching and soreness accompanying psoriasis can affect sleep, movement and other daily activities, leading to general distress. Holistic practitioners will support a person to use external symptomatic relief, targeted internal treatment and lifestyle interventions to ease their discomfort and manage the processes underlying psoriasis.

How does psoriasis work?

The skin is the human body’s largest organ, spanning roughly 2m² and carrying out a multitude of functions. Most importantly, the skin is an immunological barrier, a key excretory (helps rid the body of waste products from metabolising food and creating energy) organ, and a thermoregulator (manages the heat of the body). The three main layers of the skin, characterised by the kinds of cells and tissues present in each, are the epidermis (water-resistant surface), the dermis (contains blood vessels, sweat glands, nerve endings and hair follicles), and the subcutis (contains an insulating and hormonally-active layer of subcutaneous fat).

The plaques which arise as a result of psoriasis are made up of keratinocytes, cells in the epidermis which help keep the skin waterproof and protected. Keratinocytes are arranged in layers, and as fresh cells arise deep in the epidermis, the more mature ones are pushed upwards, flattening and eventually dying and flaking off. The time for one cell to mature all the way through the epidermis is usually around 28 days. In psoriasis, this keratinocyte cycle is drastically shortened by about 9 times to 3–4 days, leading to groups of very numerous, immature keratinocytes presenting as plaques. Given their immaturity, these cells cannot function as a true barrier anymore, meaning they bleed and break easily. The underlying inflammation, irritation, as well as potential for allergens and pathogens to enter weaker skin, can cause the plaques to be itchy, irritated and sore.

While new information is being gathered about psoriasis all the time, what is understood is that a vicious cycle of skin — and systemic — inflammation is created. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (chemical messengers released by immune cells to alter the function of other cells) in the dermis and epidermis activate dendritic cells (immune cells with protrusions, hence their name) and some types of T cells. This cell signalling cascade results in keratinocytes proliferating inappropriately, as well as the formation of new capillaries and the further recruitment of immune cells, leading to an inflammatory positive feedback loop.

Understanding the root

References to ‘the itch’, or ‘tetters’ can be found in old humoural herbals of the Western tradition, and are considered under the umbrella term ‘Kushtha’ for eroding skin conditions by Ayurveda. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) describes psoriasis as being an invasion of heat and wind (3). This indicates that psoriasis is an age old ailment, however within the scientific medical community the precise process is still being elucidated (1). Psoriasis as it appears on the skin may herald widespread chronic inflammation, which has been documented to co-occur with hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In the last 10 years a microbial-immunological root cause has been added to the picture which displaces the idea that psoriasis is primarily an autoimmune condition, although it is still accepted as an immune-mediated disease.

In 1995, it had been noted that psoriasis could occur following instances of ‘strep throat’, an infection of Streptococcus bacteria (4). A group of researchers posited that the skin rash could be occurring due to a similarity between a bacterial protein and one found in human keratin (present in the epidermal keratinocytes), leading human T cells (immune cells) to mistake keratinocytes for pathogens, leading to an autoimmune attack on keratinocytes (4). Two decades later in 2015, a group containing some of the original researchers published a paper updating their position, this time positing that while T cells are involved in psoriasis, it is probably not via an autoimmune pathway (2).

It is well established that psoriasis co-occurs with Crohn’s disease (CD) in a significant and reciprocal way (those with psoriasis are significantly more likely to have or develop CD, and vice versa) and that people with psoriasis are more likely to have periodontitis (inflammation of the gums usually caused by poor oral hygiene) (5). Both CD and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions caused by microbes, so researchers investigating psoriasis have delved deeper into whether the presence of, or lack of tolerance to, microbes could be at the root of psoriasis too (2). Currently, research is being published to support the idea that the bacterial skin — and gut — populations of people with psoriasis differ on average from those without the condition. Whether the presence of those bacteria leads to an inappropriate innate immune response, or whether mutations in innate immune response genes enable the dysbiotic microbiomes to arise, we’ll have to wait and see.

What we can work with is that psoriasis results from a dysregulated innate immune response affecting the cell cycle of keratinocytes. The skin and gut microbiomes of people with psoriasis have particular, distinctive characteristics (5), and this will be somewhat malleable via external and internal herbal medicines, diet and lifestyle practices. The goal is to restore balance so that the skin microbiome does not trigger a damaging inflammatory cascade. In energetic terms, we need to resolve damp and cool the system. After all, many bacterial species are commensal (offer reciprocal benefits with their human host).

This is a major shift in the paradigm, and has not yet been totally confirmed. Almost any other source you find will likely identify autoimmunity as a mechanism underlying psoriasis, but it is a topic of current debate and research. Luckily, the holistic remedies and lifestyle practices that have been used for centuries still address the root causes of psoriasis. However, modern people face additional challenges in terms of stress levels, nutritional quality of foods, social determinants of ill health, and so on. What these new data will offer, however, are additional insights into why certain traditional remedies are effective and how we can continue to expand our repertoire of holistic health practices.

Signs and symptoms

When most people think of psoriasis, they are likely imagining plaque psoriasis, which is the most common presentation. It is characterised by raised, thickened plaques with a silvery sheen and defined borders, erythema (increased blood flow which looks red on light skin and like a deepening of colour on dark skin). Plaques frequently occur symmetrically on extensor surfaces like elbows, knees and knuckles, but also the scalp, backs of the ears, sacrum and sometimes torso. Nail pitting, separation of the nail from the nailbed and thickening of the nail bed are common diagnostic features that also occur because of keratinocyte immaturity (1). The Koebner phenomenon describes when new psoriatic plaques develop at sites of skin trauma, such as due to scratching, cuts or pressure. The Auspitz sign is diagnostic and occurs when the plaque can be lifted and pinpoint bleeding occurs beneath (1).

Other, less frequent presentations include guttate psoriasis, pustular psoriasis and erythrodermic psoriasis. Guttate psoriasis accounts for around 2% of psoriasis cases and is closely associated with streptococcal infection, often resolving spontaneously after some months. Pustular psoriasis is also rare and can be triggered by reducing steroid dose, pregnancy, hypocalcaemia or infection and presents mainly on the palms and foot soles. Erythrodermic psoriasis is uncommon but can be life threatening. At least 75% of the body becomes involved, which can lead to thermal and electrolyte dysregulation. If erythrodermic psoriasis is suspected, this should be treated as a red flag and the person should be referred to their GP or emergency services, as appropriate.

Psoriatic arthritis is inflammation of the joints that occurs alongside skin psoriasis, and can have similar systemic impacts as rheumatoid arthritis. The fingers, toes and certain insertions of ligaments into bones are often inflamed and painful.

Herbal solutions

The main topical applications to prioritise are antipruritic, cytostatic (stops proliferation), trophorestorative, alterative, lymphatic, digestive, nutritive, bitter, relaxing nervine and immunomodulating.

Anti-itch herbs

Vervain flowers (Verbena officinalis)

Relieving the itch — often herbs that relieve itch will modulate inflammation and assist healing too — can be achieved using herbs like chickweed and marshmallow leaf (mucilaginous and moistening for a hot, dry constitution), or aromatic nervines like lavender and peppermint (in wetter constitutions and presentations).

Stopping the proliferation of keratinocytes can be carried out topically by thuja and greater celandine, but these herbs for external use are addressing a symptom rather than the root cause.

Trophorestorative herbs

Trophorestorative herbs like marigold should be prioritised topically and internally as they encourage wounds to heal and the cell cycle to be returned to a more appropriate length. Marigold is also lymphatic, which assists the body in eliminating wastes.

Alteratives

Alterative herbs like heartsease, burdock root, cleavers, Oregon grape and nettle are extremely useful in beginning to resolve the systemic damp and heat. Care should be taken with burdock root that sufficient lymphatic support, e.g. cleavers, marigold, is taken alongside otherwise the skin issue can be exacerbated.

Digestive herbs

Supporting the digestion with bitters, ideally that also have microbiome-modulating actions (think the aromatic Mediterranean herbs e.g. rosemary, sage), and that support liver function, e.g. dandelion root is essential to help resolve absorption and motility issues that may be adding to the inflammatory load.

Nutritive herbs that are highly mineral rich, e.g. cleavers, nettles, dandelion leaf, while also supporting the lymphatic system, are important as the sped up keratinocyte production requires a high mineral input, which depletes minerals for other essential processes.

Nervines

Relaxing nervines are central to a psoriasis regime because the process of living with an uncomfortable skin condition takes an emotional and psychological toll. In addition, people who feel calmer and more resourced are more likely to make time to care for themselves, creating a virtuous cycle. Nervines with additional actions relating to the above, such as German and Roman chamomile, vervain, valerian, motherwort and lemon balm are all good options that offer a range of bitter, aromatic and digestive actions (6).

Immune herbs

Immune modulation is carried out exceptionally well by mushrooms. Chaga has been researched in relation to psoriasis, and found to have significant impact on improvement and even resolution of psoriasis lesions (7). Incorporating medicinal mushrooms into your diet or herbal regime can be as simple as making a medicinal mushroom hot chocolate using good quality, reputable mushroom fruiting body powder.

Holistic solutions

To work towards resolving a complex condition like psoriasis, multiple modes of treatment need to be employed. Often, due to the psychological, social and potentially economic implications of plaque psoriasis, symptomatic relief is a priority at the beginning and may be most quickly achieved by topical applications. The constitution of the person and presentation of the psoriasis should be considered in the decision making of what form the topical application should take. For example, balms should not be applied to actively weeping, itchy, hot psoriasis because the oil based substance can trap the heat in. A lotion or aromatic water spray might be more suitable in a hot presentation because the water based mixture will be immediately cooling.

Using sprays of mixed aromatic waters (distillates of herbs) provides a quick, portable and non-greasy application that can quickly reduce itching and soreness. It has the added benefit over creams of introducing no extra microbes carried by the applying finger, which can be important in cases where lesions have become open due to itching or severity.

References

Armstrong AW, Read C. Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Psoriasis: A review. JAMA. 2020;323(19):1945-1960.
Fry L, Baker BS, Powles AV, Engstrand L. Psoriasis is not an autoimmune disease? Exper Derm. 2015;24(4):241-244. doi:10.1111/exd.12572.
Tierra L. The Herbs of Life: Health & Healing Using Western & Chinese Techniques. The Crossing Press; 1992.
Valdimarsson H, Baker BS, Jónsdóttir I, Powles A, Fry L. Psoriasis: a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease induced by streptococcal superantigens? Immunol Today. 1995;16(3):145-9. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80132-4.
Lejniczak-Staruch i, Ciazynska M, Sobolewska-Sztychny D, Narbutt J, Skibinska M, Lesiak A. Alterations of the Skin and Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(3998). doi: 0.3390/ijms22083998.
Hoffman D. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Healing Arts Press; 2003.
Powell M. Medicinal Mushrooms: A Clinical Guide. Mycology Press; 2014.

The post Psoriasis appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Cold sores

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 08:44:36 +0000

Cold sores are a blistering sore on the skin, usually occurring around the lips or mouth.

Understanding cold sores

Cold sores are a blistering sore on the skin, usually occurring around the lips or mouth. They are typically noted for the onset of a tingling, itching, or burning feeling. This sensation usually precedes a blistering skin lesion which tends to appear within 48 hours of the initial sensations, these can weep and feel painful.

It is estimated that globally 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 have the virus which is the main cause of cold sores (1). This can often go unrecognised and not cause any symptoms or be very mild and not appear as a full-blown cold sore.

Cold sores can be painful for those affected by them, especially appearing around the mouth where there are lots of nerve endings, making the skin particularly sensitive.

How do cold sores work?

Cold sores are caused by a viral infection, known as herpes simplex (type 1), or HSV-1. The HSV-1 virus is spread by skin contact, and when a cold sore is in the active stages of blistering, weeping, and healing, it is very infectious. The usual type of skin contact which spreads the virus is oral, so mouth contact with skin. A lot of people with the HSV-1 will never have any symptoms, or only mild symptoms. In some people HSV-1 will cause what is known as cold sores, or herpes labialis.

The initial eruption of a cold sore tends to be the most severe one in most cases and can be accompanied by other symptoms aside from the sore itself (see symptoms section for details). Subsequent occurrences are often milder.

The usual onset of a cold sore is a sensation on the lips, mouth, or nose area such as tingling, itching, or burning. Within a couple of days this will usually be followed by the development of a blistering sore, which can bubble up on the area of affected skin, become weepy, and eventually develop a crust and heal. They can also arise as ulcers in the mouth. The usual course of a cold sore is around 10 days, and they tend to clear up on their own.

After an initial infection with herpes simplex, the virus remains dormant in nerve ganglia, from where it can reactivate causing symptoms to arise again (2). Recurrent eruptions tend to be less severe, and occur less frequently over time, depending on the state of the immune system.

Understanding the root

The HSV-1 is the cause of cold sores. People who experience recurrent cold sores may notice that their onset can be triggered by (1, 2):

Overexposure to sunlight
Being unwell or having a fever
Physical or emotional stress
Immunosuppression
Unknown stimuli
Menstrual period
Injury
Surgery

Cold sores do tend to clear up on their own, and there is no official treatment which will cure them, although anti-viral creams may speed up recovery by a day or so, and sometimes a low-dose of antiviral medications are given as a preventative measure in those who experience frequent or painful recurrences.

However, cold sores can be inconvenient for those experiencing them, especially when recurring. One factor in being susceptible to recurrences is the state of the immune system. People who are immunocompromised due to another condition (such as HIV), or people with generally low immunity may experience frequent recurrences of cold sores.

In rare cases where people are immunocompromised, HSV-1 can lead to complications such as encephalitis (brain infection), or keratitis (eye infection).

It is also possible to pass cold sores on to babies if you kiss a baby whilst a cold sore is active. This can lead to a serious condition called neonatal herpes, which can lead to neurological damage, or be life-threatening. It is best to avoid skin contact when a cold sore is active.

Whilst there is no treatment to cure cold sores, there is a lot which can be done with herbal medicines to provide immune support which may reduce susceptibility to recurrences, and symptomatic management to reduce the severity of eruptions and the time to healing.

Signs and symptoms

As we have outlined above, the typical symptoms of cold sores are the initial tingling, itching, or burning sensation which precedes the blistering.

A first cold sore infection can be accompanied by the following symptoms (1):

Fever
Body aches
Sore throat (oral herpes)
Headache
Swollen lymph nodes near the infection

Herbal solutions

When considering herbal support for cold sores, there are several branches to the approach:

Overall immune support and stress management, which may prevent occurrences. This can be a combination of:
- Herbal support with herbs to increase resilience to stress such as adaptogens, herbs to support healthy immune function, and herbs with anti-viral properties.
- Lifestyle adaptations which support healthy immune function, such as dietary modifications, healthy sleep routines, and stress management.
Acute doses of immune supporting and anti-viral herbs as soon as the tingle begins.
Topical application of herbs to relieve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent spread of emerging cold sore.

Lemon balm

Lemon balm is often indicated specifically as a topical treatment for cold sores, because of its antiviral properties when applied topically. A strong extract of lemon balm which seems to exhibit anti-viral properties. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial was conducted on 66 participants with a history of recurrent cold sores (four or more per year). The participants were divided into a study group who were treated with a 70:1 lemon balm leaf extract, and a control group who received a placebo. The cream was to be applied to the affected area four times per day, over a 5-day period. The primary target parameter for the study was day two scores of symptoms, size of affected area, and blisters. There was a significant difference between the two groups, for symptoms, size of affected area, and blisters (4). In addition, the lemon balm extract group noted shorter healing time, and a rapid effect on the typical symptoms of cold sores, suggesting that this extract is effective in treating cold sores topically as soon as the symptoms begin.

Although the antiviral effects of lemon balm are unlikely to be present to the degree they are found in this strong extract when the plant is taken internally, it does have additional benefits aside from its antiviral properties which may be of assistance in cases of cold sores. Lemon balm is calming for the nervous system, and is traditionally said to ‘calm the mind and make the heart merry’. This may be a helpful support for the nervous system when underlying stress is a factor in triggering cold sores and compromising immune function.

Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia)

Echinacea

Echinacea is effective as a support for the immune system in cases of being generally ‘run down’ whether it be from stress or over-work. Echinacea can provide a helping hand, either as an ongoing prophylactic measure, or with acute doses when the warning signs of a cold sore begin to appear.

Echinacea is helpful in mobilising immune responses in the body, and has antiviral properties, making it particularly beneficial for allaying cold sores or reducing their severity when taken in acute doses at the first tingle or when feeling run down and one may be prone to a cold sore outbreak.

Liquorice

Liquorice is a fantastic herb for reducing inflammation in skin conditions and is specifically indicated in cases of herpes due its antiviral properties (3).

Liquorice provides a wonderful combination of properties which are helpful in cases of cold sores, particularly when affected by stress. It can be taken internally to support immune function both as an adrenal gland tonic for support during times of stress, to increase resilience, reestablish healthy stress responses, and for its antiviral properties.

It may be taken during a cold sore outbreak and applied topically to the affected area in a cream to aid healing and reduce inflammation. The constituent glycyrrhetinic acid (a triterpenoid) is thought to inhibit the growth and effects of herpes simplex (5).

Liquorice can also be taken internally as part of longer-term support and as a preventative for people who are susceptible to recurrent cold sores, which may arise during times of high stress, or when immunity seems to be compromised.

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

St John’s wort

St John’s wort is indicated by herbalists in cases of cold sores, for acute doses taken internally at the first sign of a cold sore. This is due to its reputed anti-viral properties, which seem to be beneficial in reducing the symptoms of cold sores at the onset (3).

Additionally, the topical application of St John’s wort is effective in assisting the healing of wounds, making it helpful when applied externally directly to the area of a cold sore, in a cream of gel formulation.

Calendula

Calendula is effective in reducing inflammation and has antiviral properties when applied topically (to the skin). This makes it helpful in the treatment of cold sores once they have already begun, assisting with the healing of the sore, particularly if the blisters burst and weep, as it has a drying effect in addition to being anti-inflammatory.

Peppermint oil

Peppermint oil has been suggested to have antiviral effects. An in vitro study of peppermint oil on herpes cell cultures found that the oil exhibited high anti-viral effects against HSV-1 and HSV-2. High concentrations of peppermint oil significantly reduced herpes virus titres by over 90%, in a time-dependent manner, and after three hours at 99% antiviral and proved to me more effective in the early stages of infection (6). Although this is an in vitro study, so not applicable directly to humans, it does indicate that peppermint oil may be beneficial when applied topically in the early stages of a cold sore.

Peppermint is also energetically cooling, which may be helpful for the burning and hot sensation that can accompany cold sores (and despite the name being cold!).

References

Herpes simplex virus. World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus. Accessed May 28, 2024.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections. MSD Manual Professional Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/herpesviruses/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infections. Accessed May 28, 2024.
Bone, K, The Ultimate Herbal Compendium. Warwick, Queensland: Phytotherapy Press; 2007.
Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine. 1999 Oct;6(4):225-30. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80013-0. PMID: 10589440.
Pizzorno J, Murray M, Joiner-Bey H, The Clinician’s Handbook of Natural Medicine. 2^nd ed. St Loius, Missouri: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008.
Schuhmacher A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6-7):504-10. https://doi: 10.1078/094471103322331467. PMID: 13678235.

The post Cold sores appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Rose geranium

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 08:27:28 +0000

The post Rose geranium appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Hibiscus

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 03 Jun 2024 18:44:40 +0000

The post Hibiscus appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Honeysuckle

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 20 May 2024 14:26:29 +0000

The post Honeysuckle appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Oak

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 10 May 2024 11:33:40 +0000

The post Oak appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Yellow dock

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 23 Apr 2024 11:39:28 +0000

The post Yellow dock appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Pasqueflower

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 18:47:23 +0000

The post Pasqueflower appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Propolis

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 19 Mar 2024 10:09:08 +0000

The post Propolis appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Tremella

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 20 Feb 2024 19:51:37 +0000

The post Tremella appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Oregon grape root

Eve Brazil — Wed, 27 Dec 2023 12:59:38 +0000

The post Oregon grape root appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Milk thistle

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 27 Dec 2023 11:37:22 +0000

The post Milk thistle appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Marjoram

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 04 Oct 2023 11:08:03 +0000

The post Marjoram appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Turkey tail

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 31 Aug 2023 09:50:13 +0000

The post Turkey tail appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Yarrow

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 15:50:41 +0000

The post Yarrow appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Senna

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 15:17:14 +0000

The post Senna appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Horsetail

Jessika Thiele — Wed, 28 Jun 2023 15:10:06 +0000

The post Horsetail appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Barberry

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 27 Jun 2023 16:54:14 +0000

The post Barberry appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Agrimony

Peak — Tue, 27 Jun 2023 16:24:00 +0000

The post Agrimony appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Cleavers

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 18 May 2023 16:29:36 +0000

The post Cleavers appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Sage

Jessika Thiele — Thu, 23 Feb 2023 20:05:59 +0000

The post Sage appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Rosehip

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 07 Feb 2023 19:16:19 +0000

The post Rosehip appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Schisandra

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 03 Dec 2022 15:25:38 +0000

The post Schisandra appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Red sage

Jessika Thiele — Tue, 09 Aug 2022 19:13:09 +0000

The post Red sage appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Dang gui

Jessika Thiele — Fri, 03 Jun 2022 18:32:08 +0000

The post Dang gui appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Raspberry

Jessika Thiele — Sun, 22 May 2022 09:13:31 +0000

The post Raspberry appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Bai shao

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 21 May 2022 19:59:04 +0000

The post Bai shao appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Albizia

Jessika Thiele — Mon, 16 May 2022 18:32:59 +0000

The post Albizia appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Elderflower

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 17:16:31 +0000

The post Elderflower appeared first on Herbal Reality.

Eyebright

Jessika Thiele — Sat, 05 Mar 2022 16:05:45 +0000

The post Eyebright appeared first on Herbal Reality.